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The Minicon Moderator Tip Sheet
;The Minicon Moderator Tip Sheet
by The Minicon 25 Programming Committee, Sharon Kahn, Co-Chair
by The Minicon 25 Programming Committee, Sharon Kahn, Co-Chair


Disclaimer: These guidelines and suggestions are the  
''Disclaimer: These guidelines and suggestions are the distillation of a series of brainstorming sessions. In other  
distillation of a series of brainstorming sessions. In other  
words, this document was originated by committee. So if it waffles, backpedals and blatantly contradicts itself, that's  
words, this document was originated by committee. So if it  
just the way it goes. The project was started and organized by 1990 Minicon Programming Co-Chair Sharon Kahn, and involved many people's input. Dave Romm volunteered to take the mass of  
waffles, backpedals and blatantly contradicts itself, that's  
data, add his further input, organize and format it for the Mac, and give it to Sharon for final revision. What you see  
just the way it goes. The project was started and organized by  
here is Dave's file, adapted to html, not Sharon's final, though changes were slight. '' 
1990 Minicon Programming Co-Chair Sharon Kahn, and involved  
:Copyright 1990, 1995 by the Minnesota Science Fiction Society, Inc.
many people's input. Dave Romm volunteered to take the mass of  
data, add his further input, organize and format it for the  
Mac, and give it to Sharon for final revision. What you see  
here is Dave's file, adapted to html, not Sharon's final,  
though changes were slight. E-mail me for the original 6pp
file in MS Word 3.1 (Mac).  Copyright 1990, 1995 by the  
Minnesota Science Fiction Society, Inc.


== Preamble ==
Presumably, you are looking at this document because you are  
Presumably, you are looking at this document because you are  
planning to originate a programming item, moderate it, or  
planning to originate a programming item, moderate it, or  
Line 25: Line 19:
==Section 1:  DEFINING THE PANEL==
==Section 1:  DEFINING THE PANEL==


TOPIC: Exactly what is the point? Be specific. Come up with
===TOPIC===
a 1-3 sentence description that will leave no doubt in the
mind of all the panel participants what they will be talking
about. This description will also appear in the program book.


*  PURPOSE: Why are you doing this? To inform? Entertain?
Exactly what is the point? Be specific. Come up with a 1-3 sentence description that will leave no doubt in the mind of all the panel participants what they will be talking about. This description will also appear in the program book.
Showcase a GOH? Spark a group discussion? Stir up a  
controversy? It has been suggested that there are only two
possible purposes for a panel: to inform or to entertain (with
the best panels, of course, accomplishing both.)


*  TITLE: There seem to be 3 general approaches to titles:
===PURPOSE===


1.  Explicit: "Collaborations: How It's Done, Why We Shouldn't  
Why are you doing this? To inform? Entertain? Showcase a GOH? Spark a group discussion? Stir up a controversy? It has been suggested that there are only two possible purposes for a panel: to inform or to entertain (with the best panels, of course, accomplishing both.)
    Do It, and Why We Keep Doing it Anyway"
 
===TITLE===
 
There seem to be 3 general approaches to titles:
 
1.  Explicit: "Collaborations: How It's Done, Why We Shouldn't Do It, and Why We Keep Doing it Anyway"


2.  Clever: "Worldcon Envy: Does Size Matter?"
2.  Clever: "Worldcon Envy: Does Size Matter?"


3.  Hybrid: "Lime Jello, Myth or Reality: The Origins of  
3.  Hybrid: "Lime Jello, Myth or Reality: The Origins of Fannish Legends"
    Fannish Legends"
 
 
The entire topic is surprisingly controversial, actually. But everybody agrees that titles should not be overly generic, for instance "Women in SF" or "Fantasy or Science Fiction?" The more specific the better.
 
===SIZE===


4. The entire topic is surprisingly controversial, actually.
Experts suggest an ideal panel size of 5 including the moderator, rarely fewer than 4 or more than 6. Remember, 60 minutes divided by 5 panelists means 12 minutes for each person, assuming the audience doesn't participate (ha!).
  But everybody agrees that titles should not be overly
  generic, for instance "Women in SF" or "Fantasy or
  Science Fiction?" The more specific the better.


*  SIZE: Experts suggest an ideal panel size of 5 including
===FORMAT===
  the moderator, rarely fewer than 4 or more than 6. Remember,
  60 minutes divided by 5 panelists means 12 minutes for each
  person, assuming the audience doesn't participate (ha!).


*  FORMAT: Now you know what you are doing and why, let's talk  
Now you know what you are doing and why, let's talk about format.
  about format.


Panel, Discussion Group, Debate, Free-for-all? This should  
* Panel, Discussion Group, Debate, Free-for-all? This should be decided on far enough in advance to put in the program book.
  be decided on far enough in advance to put in the program book.


Question Policy: Audience questions can be encouraged  
* Question Policy: Audience questions can be encouraged throughout or only taken during designated question period(s). Be sure to make the policy clear to all panelists (and then to the audience during the panel).
  throughout or only taken during designated question period(s).
  Be sure to make the policy clear to all panelists (and then  
  to the audience during the panel).


-  Facilities3: Do you need a large room, a small room or an  
* Facilities: Do you need a large room, a small room or an intimate space? Will you be seated behind a long table, around a round table or just chairs facing an audience? How many microphones will you need? Do you need special equipment like a slide projector or overhead?
  intimate space? Will you be seated behind a long table, around
  a round table or just chairs facing an audience? How many  
  microphones will you need? Do you need special equipment like
  a slide projector or overhead?


CONSIDER MODERATOR STYLE: There is no single "best" way to  
===CONSIDER MODERATOR STYLE===
  moderate a panel. The style you use depends not only on your  
 
  personality, but the topic and purpose of the panel, the  
There is no single "best" way to moderate a panel. The style you use depends not only on your personality, but the topic and purpose of the panel, the personalities of the panelists, and what happens when the bullets start flying. In Section 3, you will find a list moderator styles that have been observed in action at conventions that are now history. We had fun identifying these and we hope they provide food for thought.
  personalities of the panelists, and what happens when the  
  bullets start flying. In Section 3, you will find a list  
  moderator styles that have been observed in action at  
  conventions that are now history. We had fun identifying  
  these and we hope they provide food for thought.  


==Section 2:  PRE-PANEL PREPARATION==
==Section 2:  PRE-PANEL PREPARATION==


•MAKE YOURSELF A CRIB SHEET FOR USE DURING THE PANEL. Including  
===MAKE YOURSELF A CRIB SHEET FOR USE DURING THE PANEL===
but not limited to:
Including but not limited to:


Panel title, 1-3 sentence description.
* Panel title, 1-3 sentence description.


At least 3 questions that can be asked during the course of  
* At least 3 questions that can be asked during the course of the panel. A starter question or two and then keep several emergency questions handy.
  the panel. A starter question or two and then keep several  
  emergency questions handy.


Panelist names and pertinent info about each (names of books,
* Panelist names and pertinent info about each (names of books, etc.)
  etc.)


READ SOMETHING BY EACH PANELIST, if possible. If not, at least  
===READ SOMETHING BY EACH PANELIST===
  know their latest book or a recent accomplishment.
If possible. If not, at least know their latest book or a recent accomplishment.


TALK WITH THE PANELISTS BEFORE THE CON, if possible. Let them  
===TALK WITH THE PANELISTS BEFORE THE CON===
  know if you will be gathering in the Green Room before the  
If possible. Let them know if you will be gathering in the Green Room before the panel.
  panel.


MEET WITH THE PANELISTS AT THE CON, either one by one or in a  
===MEET WITH THE PANELISTS AT THE CON===
  group. The Green Room is available for this purpose. If you  
Either one by one or in a group. The Green Room is available for this purpose. If you can't meet in the Green Room, at least spend a few seconds before you convene to introduce yourselves.
  can't meet in the Green Room, at least spend a few seconds  
  before you convene to introduce yourselves.


IN THE GREEN ROOM:
===IN THE GREEN ROOM===


Review panel description, purpose and format with the  
* Review panel description, purpose and format with the participants.
    participants.


If you haven't already, introduce yourself and each other.
* If you haven't already, introduce yourself and each other.


Check with the participants: Anything you've thought of since  
* Check with the participants: Anything you've thought of since we last talked? Anything in particular I should ask? Anything to avoid? Get preferences and suggestions.
  we last talked? Anything in particular I should ask? Anything
  to avoid? Get preferences and suggestions.


If panelists seem to need warming up, try out one of your  
* If panelists seem to need warming up, try out one of your questions on them. If they're shy, feed them several questions so they can think about their answers for a while.
  Questions on them. If they're shy, feed them several  
  questions so they can think about their answers for a while.


There are refreshments in the Green Room which participants  
* There are refreshments in the Green Room which participants can take to the panel.
  can take to the panel.


Relax.
* Relax.


==Section 3:  GETTING STARTED==
==Section 3:  GETTING STARTED==


Arrive on time. A few minutes early is ok. If you're arriving  
===Arrive on time.===
    from the Green Room, arrive all at once; it really impresses
A few minutes early is ok. If you're arriving from the Green Room, arrive all at once; it really impresses the audience.
    the audience.


Sit down. If possible, arrange the tent cards yourself so the  
===Sit down.===
  panelists are where you want them. Feel free to move people if  
If possible, arrange the tent cards yourself so the panelists are where you want them. Feel free to move people if they've beaten you to the seating arrangements. You may choose to sit at the end of the row of panelists instead of in the middle. It will make it easier to keep an eye on everybody.
  they've beaten you to the seating arrangements. You may choose
  to sit at the end of the row of panelists instead of in the  
  middle. It will make it easier to keep an eye on everybody.


Start the panel. by establishing rapport with the audience.  
===Start the panel===
  The traditional opening is "Hello? Hello? Is this mike on?"  
Establish rapport with the audience. The traditional opening is "Hello? Hello? Is this mike on?" If it is, smile and continue. If it isn't, turn it on (or otherwise make arrangements to be heard).
  If it is, smile and continue. If it isn't, turn it on (or  
  otherwise make arrangements to be heard).


Identify yourself and briefly describe the panel.
===Identify yourself===
and briefly describe the panel.


Introduce panelists, referring to your notes as needed.
===Introduce panelists===
referring to your notes as needed.


Give the ground rules ("If this goes according to plan...").  
===Give the ground rules===
  Be sure to address Question Protocol (questions taken any time
("If this goes according to plan..."). Be sure to address Question Protocol (questions taken any time or only during specified question period)
  or only during specified question period)


Throw out the first question. Think carefully about who to  
===Throw out the first question.===
  address it to! The first questioner will set the tone for the  
Think carefully about who to address it to! The first questioner will set the tone for the panel. Some possibilites: The most senior GoH, the person with the most experience, the quietest person on the panel, the person who orginally proposed the idea for the panel, the person most likely to set the tone you are striving for. Play out the question, giving everybody a chance at it.
  panel. Some possibilites: The most senior GoH, the person with
  the most experience, the quietest person on the panel, the  
  person who orginally proposed the idea for the panel, the  
  person most likely to set the tone you are striving for. Play  
  out the question, giving everybody a chance at it.  


==Section 4:  FINISHING UP==
==Section 4:  FINISHING UP==


Finish on time!
===Finish on time!===


Give a 5 or 10 minute warning that time is running out. Issue  
===Give a 5 or 10 minute warning===
  a summing-up question.
When time is running out. Issue a summing-up question. If you have to interrupt the last person, do so. "I'm afraid we're out of time. Thank you all for coming."


*  If you have to interrupt the last person, do so. "I'm afraid
===Thank the panelists for participating.===
  we're out of time. Thank you all for coming."


*  Thank the panelists for participating.
===If a discussion is still raging===
Suggest that the discussion can continue in Krushenko's (or any open site, including the consuite or the bar).


*  If a discussion is still raging, suggest that the discussion
===Announce the next panel.===
  can continue in Krushenko's [or any open site, including the
  consuite or the bar].
 
Announce the next panel.


==Section 5:  MODERATOR STYLES==
==Section 5:  MODERATOR STYLES==
Line 205: Line 155:
===PROVOCATIVE===
===PROVOCATIVE===
This moderator believes that life is a bit dull without conflict. Specializes in questions like, "I sense that you may have some disagreement with the last speaker," and "You aren't going to let him get away with that, are you?"
This moderator believes that life is a bit dull without conflict. Specializes in questions like, "I sense that you may have some disagreement with the last speaker," and "You aren't going to let him get away with that, are you?"


-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
Line 211: Line 162:
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------


===IGNORANT====
===IGNORANT===
Not only knows nothing about the topic of this panel or the people on it, he didn't even know he was moderating it until about 5 minutes ago. (Best solution is to admit your ignorance ["But I find the topic fascinating!"] and get the panelists to suggest appropriate questions, perhaps when you have them  
Not only knows nothing about the topic of this panel or the people on it, he didn't even know he was moderating it until about 5 minutes ago. (Best solution is to admit your ignorance ["But I find the topic fascinating!"] and get the panelists to suggest appropriate questions, perhaps when you have them  
introduce themselves.)
introduce themselves.)
Line 224: Line 175:
==Section 6:  THE ART OF MODERATING==
==Section 6:  THE ART OF MODERATING==


Prepare in advance, but go with the flow. Don't be afraid to  
===Prepare in advance===
    alter your original plan radically if it seems like a good  
But go with the flow. Don't be afraid to alter your original plan radically if it seems like a good idea. But do have a plan. Maybe more than one.
    idea. But do have a plan. Maybe more than one.


Keep the level of energy high. Be aware when a question or  
===Keep the level of energy high.===
  topic has run its course and be prepared to change direction.
Be aware when a question or topic has run its course and be prepared to change direction.


Play devil's advocate if things get dull.
===Play devil's advocate===
if things get dull.


Refer to your prepared questions when you need a new topic.
===Refer to your prepared questions===
when you need a new topic.


Watch the audience. Start taking questions if too many hands  
===Watch the audience.===
  are up; pick up the pace if people start to fidget (or leave).
Start taking questions if too many hands are up; pick up the pace if people start to fidget (or leave).


Repeat questions from the audience, especially if the room is  
===Repeat questions from the audience===
  large.
Especially if the room is large.


Pay attention to the panelist's answers and ask follow-up  
===Pay attention to the panelists' answers===
  questions if appropriate.
Ask follow-up questions if appropriate.


Pay attention to the people farthest from you: They may be  
===Pay attention to the people farthest from you===
  participating less. Seat shy or quiet panelists close to you.
They may be participating less. Seat shy or quiet panelists close to you.


Pay attention to body language. Watch for signs of impatience,  
===Pay attention to body language.===
  annoyance or general disagreement with the last speaker  
Watch for signs of impatience, annoyance or general disagreement with the last speaker (frowns, muscle tension, leaning forward, leaning backward, folding arms across chest). If a light bulb suddenly goes on over someone's head, call on them quick before they forget the idea!
  (frowns, muscle tension, leaning forward, leaning backward,  
  folding arms across chest). If a light bulb suddenly goes on  
  over someone's head, call on them quick before they forget
  the idea!


Use body language. Lean forward slightly and make eye contact  
===Use body language.===
  to encourage a shy panelist. To cut someone off politely:  
Lean forward slightly and make eye contact to encourage a shy panelist. To cut someone off politely: lean back, catch their eye. If that doesn't do it, slowly reach toward the mike.
  lean back, catch their eye. If that doesn't do it, slowly  
  reach toward the mike.


Prompt the audience, if necessary. Lead the applause or  
===Prompt the audience===
  laughter, but squelch any which goes on too long.
if necessary. Lead the applause or laughter, but squelch any which goes on too long.


Remember: The audience didn't come to see you. Sometimes the  
===Remember: The audience didn't come to see you.===
  moderator's main job is to stay out of the way. This happens  
Sometimes the moderator's main job is to stay out of the way. This happens more often than you might think.
  more often than you might think.


Be firm. Don't lose control of the panel or audience.
===Be firm.===
Don't lose control of the panel or audience.


Have fun. Encourage the panelists to have fun too. If the  
===Have fun.===
  panelists enjoy themselves, so will the audience.
Encourage the panelists to have fun too. If the panelists enjoy themselves, so will the audience.




+++++++++++++++++++++++++
==Moderator Emergency Kit==
Moderator Emergency Kit
++++++++++++++++++++++++


WHEN THE CONVERSATION GRINDS TO A HALT
WHEN THE CONVERSATION GRINDS TO A HALT
Line 282: Line 226:
"What's the greatest challenge for you in your work right now?"
"What's the greatest challenge for you in your work right now?"


"Is there anything we're leaving out here that needs to be  
"Is there anything we're leaving out here that needs to be addressed?"
addressed?"


"What's the biggest controversy in this area?"
"What's the biggest controversy in this area?"
Line 289: Line 232:
"What's the greatest misconception people have about...?"
"What's the greatest misconception people have about...?"


"How did you handle this problem when you were working on...  
"How did you handle this problem when you were working on... (insert book title or character name from author's work)?"
[insert book title or character name from author's work]?"


"What made you decide to tackle this subject?"
"What made you decide to tackle this subject?"


"Speaking as a [person not normally involved in this area]
"Speaking as a (person not normally involved in this area), what's your perspective?"
what's your perspective?"
 
"What's the question you are most tired of hearing, and what would you like to say about it so you never have to answer it again?"
 
"What question do you think doesn't get asked enough, and how would you address it?"


"What's the question you are most tired of hearing on this
Ask another person on the panel the question.
subject, and what would you like to say about it so you never
have to answer it again?"


Ask another person on the panel the question.
Ask a follow-up question.


Ask a follow-up question.
Ask a different person to comment on another panelist's answer.


Ask a different person to comment on another panelist's answer.


SQUELCHING THE PANEL
SQUELCHING THE PANEL
Line 315: Line 257:
"That would be a good subject for another panel."
"That would be a good subject for another panel."


"Excuse me, but we haven't heard from [reticent panelist] in a  
"Excuse me, but we haven't heard from (reticent panelist) in a while."
while."


"Let's take a question from the audience."
"Let's take a question from the audience."


SQUELCHING THE AUDIENCE
SQUELCHING THE AUDIENCE
Line 324: Line 266:
"No comments from the peanut gallery."
"No comments from the peanut gallery."


"In order to make the best possible use of our panelists,  
"In order to make the best possible use of our panelists, we're only taking questions from the audience, not statements."
we're only taking questions from the audience, not statements."


"We're only taking statements from the audience, not questions."
"We're only taking statements from the audience, not questions."
Line 335: Line 276:
"You're making some rather broad generalizations."
"You're making some rather broad generalizations."


"Ok, ok, I think I understand the question. Now, which of our  
"Ok, ok, I think I understand the question. Now, which of our panelists wants to handle it?"
panelists wants to handle it?"


"Would someone in the back please call hotel security."
"Would someone in the back please call hotel security."




Moderator Mantras
MODERATOR MANTRAS
-------------------
---------------------------------------
-  It's only an hour.
-  It's only an hour.
-  This has never killed anyone yet.
-  This has never killed anyone yet.
-  I do not have to go home with this person.
-  I do not have to go home with this person.
-  It's okay to do this -- I'm the moderator.
-  It's okay to do this -- I'm the moderator.
-  Hey, this is a nice looking tablecloth!
-  Hey, this is a nice looking tablecloth!


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Moderator Preparation Sheet
----
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
==Moderator Preparation Sheet==
 
Name of Panel
 


Name of Panel Day and Time Room


Day, Time, Room





Revision as of 15:48, 4 June 2013

The Minicon Moderator Tip Sheet

by The Minicon 25 Programming Committee, Sharon Kahn, Co-Chair

Disclaimer: These guidelines and suggestions are the distillation of a series of brainstorming sessions. In other words, this document was originated by committee. So if it waffles, backpedals and blatantly contradicts itself, that's just the way it goes. The project was started and organized by 1990 Minicon Programming Co-Chair Sharon Kahn, and involved many people's input. Dave Romm volunteered to take the mass of data, add his further input, organize and format it for the Mac, and give it to Sharon for final revision. What you see here is Dave's file, adapted to html, not Sharon's final, though changes were slight.

Copyright 1990, 1995 by the Minnesota Science Fiction Society, Inc.

Preamble

Presumably, you are looking at this document because you are planning to originate a programming item, moderate it, or both. If you are entering this process sometime after Section 1, it is strongly suggested that you find out what the originator of the panel had in mind, and what, if anything, has been communicated to the panelists so far.

Section 1: DEFINING THE PANEL

TOPIC

Exactly what is the point? Be specific. Come up with a 1-3 sentence description that will leave no doubt in the mind of all the panel participants what they will be talking about. This description will also appear in the program book.

PURPOSE

Why are you doing this? To inform? Entertain? Showcase a GOH? Spark a group discussion? Stir up a controversy? It has been suggested that there are only two possible purposes for a panel: to inform or to entertain (with the best panels, of course, accomplishing both.)

TITLE

There seem to be 3 general approaches to titles:

1. Explicit: "Collaborations: How It's Done, Why We Shouldn't Do It, and Why We Keep Doing it Anyway"

2. Clever: "Worldcon Envy: Does Size Matter?"

3. Hybrid: "Lime Jello, Myth or Reality: The Origins of Fannish Legends"


The entire topic is surprisingly controversial, actually. But everybody agrees that titles should not be overly generic, for instance "Women in SF" or "Fantasy or Science Fiction?" The more specific the better.

SIZE

Experts suggest an ideal panel size of 5 including the moderator, rarely fewer than 4 or more than 6. Remember, 60 minutes divided by 5 panelists means 12 minutes for each person, assuming the audience doesn't participate (ha!).

FORMAT

Now you know what you are doing and why, let's talk about format.

  • Panel, Discussion Group, Debate, Free-for-all? This should be decided on far enough in advance to put in the program book.
  • Question Policy: Audience questions can be encouraged throughout or only taken during designated question period(s). Be sure to make the policy clear to all panelists (and then to the audience during the panel).
  • Facilities: Do you need a large room, a small room or an intimate space? Will you be seated behind a long table, around a round table or just chairs facing an audience? How many microphones will you need? Do you need special equipment like a slide projector or overhead?

CONSIDER MODERATOR STYLE

There is no single "best" way to moderate a panel. The style you use depends not only on your personality, but the topic and purpose of the panel, the personalities of the panelists, and what happens when the bullets start flying. In Section 3, you will find a list moderator styles that have been observed in action at conventions that are now history. We had fun identifying these and we hope they provide food for thought.

Section 2: PRE-PANEL PREPARATION

MAKE YOURSELF A CRIB SHEET FOR USE DURING THE PANEL

Including but not limited to:

  • Panel title, 1-3 sentence description.
  • At least 3 questions that can be asked during the course of the panel. A starter question or two and then keep several emergency questions handy.
  • Panelist names and pertinent info about each (names of books, etc.)

READ SOMETHING BY EACH PANELIST

If possible. If not, at least know their latest book or a recent accomplishment.

TALK WITH THE PANELISTS BEFORE THE CON

If possible. Let them know if you will be gathering in the Green Room before the panel.

MEET WITH THE PANELISTS AT THE CON

Either one by one or in a group. The Green Room is available for this purpose. If you can't meet in the Green Room, at least spend a few seconds before you convene to introduce yourselves.

IN THE GREEN ROOM

  • Review panel description, purpose and format with the participants.
  • If you haven't already, introduce yourself and each other.
  • Check with the participants: Anything you've thought of since we last talked? Anything in particular I should ask? Anything to avoid? Get preferences and suggestions.
  • If panelists seem to need warming up, try out one of your questions on them. If they're shy, feed them several questions so they can think about their answers for a while.
  • There are refreshments in the Green Room which participants can take to the panel.
  • Relax.

Section 3: GETTING STARTED

Arrive on time.

A few minutes early is ok. If you're arriving from the Green Room, arrive all at once; it really impresses the audience.

Sit down.

If possible, arrange the tent cards yourself so the panelists are where you want them. Feel free to move people if they've beaten you to the seating arrangements. You may choose to sit at the end of the row of panelists instead of in the middle. It will make it easier to keep an eye on everybody.

Start the panel

Establish rapport with the audience. The traditional opening is "Hello? Hello? Is this mike on?" If it is, smile and continue. If it isn't, turn it on (or otherwise make arrangements to be heard).

Identify yourself

and briefly describe the panel.

Introduce panelists

referring to your notes as needed.

Give the ground rules

("If this goes according to plan..."). Be sure to address Question Protocol (questions taken any time or only during specified question period)

Throw out the first question.

Think carefully about who to address it to! The first questioner will set the tone for the panel. Some possibilites: The most senior GoH, the person with the most experience, the quietest person on the panel, the person who orginally proposed the idea for the panel, the person most likely to set the tone you are striving for. Play out the question, giving everybody a chance at it.

Section 4: FINISHING UP

Finish on time!

Give a 5 or 10 minute warning

When time is running out. Issue a summing-up question. If you have to interrupt the last person, do so. "I'm afraid we're out of time. Thank you all for coming."

Thank the panelists for participating.

If a discussion is still raging

Suggest that the discussion can continue in Krushenko's (or any open site, including the consuite or the bar).

Announce the next panel.

Section 5: MODERATOR STYLES

We present these as examples for your consideration. Most modera- tors combine elements of more than one style. The style used for any panel depends on the personality of the moderator and the interaction of the participants.

EVEN-HANDED

Keeps things moving, involves everyone, facilitates discussion without taking sides or expressing opinions. A good even-handed moderator can moderate a panel on a topic he knows nothing about and isn't even interested in.

NURTURING

Much like even-handed, but even more so. Especially attentive to quiet panelists who need to be drawn out and encouraged to enter the discussion.

PARTICIPATING

Joins in the discussion and expresses opinions, but without taking over or dominating the panel. At times, panel may appear to be a round-table discussion with no one moderating. However, the moderator is in fact leading the discussion, raising questions, encouraging participation by everyone and dealing with interruptions. This style is difficult to pull off. You must be able to split yourself into 2 people--the moderator and the participant. Do not call on yourself more often than any other participant.

TIGHTLY REINED

A moderator who naturally tends toward Participating Moderator trying very hard to function as an Even-Handed. Produces tremendous dramatic tension as audience waits for moderator to crack.

QUESTIONING

Intensely interested in the topic, but hasn't made up his mind how he feels about it yet and is hoping to gain insight into the subject (frequently a difficult or controversial one) by questioning the panelists.

PROVOCATIVE

This moderator believes that life is a bit dull without conflict. Specializes in questions like, "I sense that you may have some disagreement with the last speaker," and "You aren't going to let him get away with that, are you?"



Not to be too judgmental or anything, we do hope you avoid elements of the following styles:


IGNORANT

Not only knows nothing about the topic of this panel or the people on it, he didn't even know he was moderating it until about 5 minutes ago. (Best solution is to admit your ignorance ["But I find the topic fascinating!"] and get the panelists to suggest appropriate questions, perhaps when you have them introduce themselves.)

FAILS TO PACE THE PANEL

Runs dull topics into the ground, interrupts discussions just as they're getting interesting, lets one panelist dominate the time, doesn't prompt reticent speakers, cuts off panelists in mid-sentence but lets audience loudmouths run on forever, etc.

OUT-OF-IT

Too sleepy (or otherwise underbrained) to pay attention. Calls the panelists by their wrong names, misremembers their books, gets the topic of the panel wrong and/or is still trying to get in the last word from the previous panel.

Section 6: THE ART OF MODERATING

Prepare in advance

But go with the flow. Don't be afraid to alter your original plan radically if it seems like a good idea. But do have a plan. Maybe more than one.

Keep the level of energy high.

Be aware when a question or topic has run its course and be prepared to change direction.

Play devil's advocate

if things get dull.

Refer to your prepared questions

when you need a new topic.

Watch the audience.

Start taking questions if too many hands are up; pick up the pace if people start to fidget (or leave).

Repeat questions from the audience

Especially if the room is large.

Pay attention to the panelists' answers

Ask follow-up questions if appropriate.

Pay attention to the people farthest from you

They may be participating less. Seat shy or quiet panelists close to you.

Pay attention to body language.

Watch for signs of impatience, annoyance or general disagreement with the last speaker (frowns, muscle tension, leaning forward, leaning backward, folding arms across chest). If a light bulb suddenly goes on over someone's head, call on them quick before they forget the idea!

Use body language.

Lean forward slightly and make eye contact to encourage a shy panelist. To cut someone off politely: lean back, catch their eye. If that doesn't do it, slowly reach toward the mike.

Prompt the audience

if necessary. Lead the applause or laughter, but squelch any which goes on too long.

Remember: The audience didn't come to see you.

Sometimes the moderator's main job is to stay out of the way. This happens more often than you might think.

Be firm.

Don't lose control of the panel or audience.

Have fun.

Encourage the panelists to have fun too. If the panelists enjoy themselves, so will the audience.


Moderator Emergency Kit

WHEN THE CONVERSATION GRINDS TO A HALT


"Let's open the panel to questions from the audience."

"What's the greatest challenge for you in your work right now?"

"Is there anything we're leaving out here that needs to be addressed?"

"What's the biggest controversy in this area?"

"What's the greatest misconception people have about...?"

"How did you handle this problem when you were working on... (insert book title or character name from author's work)?"

"What made you decide to tackle this subject?"

"Speaking as a (person not normally involved in this area), what's your perspective?"

"What's the question you are most tired of hearing, and what would you like to say about it so you never have to answer it again?"

"What question do you think doesn't get asked enough, and how would you address it?"

Ask another person on the panel the question.

Ask a follow-up question.

Ask a different person to comment on another panelist's answer.


SQUELCHING THE PANEL


"Excuse me, but we have wandered far afield..."

"Getting back to the original topic..."

"That would be a good subject for another panel."

"Excuse me, but we haven't heard from (reticent panelist) in a while."

"Let's take a question from the audience."


SQUELCHING THE AUDIENCE


"No comments from the peanut gallery."

"In order to make the best possible use of our panelists, we're only taking questions from the audience, not statements."

"We're only taking statements from the audience, not questions."

"Oh, let's not always see the same hands."

"Thank you for your interesting suggestion. You may be right."

"You're making some rather broad generalizations."

"Ok, ok, I think I understand the question. Now, which of our panelists wants to handle it?"

"Would someone in the back please call hotel security."


MODERATOR MANTRAS


- It's only an hour.

- This has never killed anyone yet.

- I do not have to go home with this person.

- It's okay to do this -- I'm the moderator.

- Hey, this is a nice looking tablecloth!



Moderator Preparation Sheet

Name of Panel


Day, Time, Room


Description



Panelist Intros (including yourself)

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Starter Questions

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Emergency Questions and notes

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